Abstract While carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology often face economic challenges, CCU via carbon mineralization with solid waste offers a cost-effective solution. In this work, the feasibility of a proposed CCU process that utilizes captured CO2 from the accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) process to mineralize cement kiln dust (CKD) to produce a green brick termed CKD-bicarbonate lime brick (CKD-BLB) was evaluated with techno-economic analysis (TEA). The m

Abstract Plastic waste conversion has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to address growing waste management challenges. However, the feasibility of its integration into existing industrial systems remains uncertain. This paper explores a plastic waste-to-X strategy aimed at reintegrating plastic waste into its original supply chain, in alignment with circular economy principles. A graph-theoretic optimization model is developed using P-graph to identify the optim

Abstract Heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis is a topic of high importance, encompassing several solution approaches and problem aspects. One such aspect crucial to industrial applications is flexibility, since real systems often experience variations of certain parameters, e.g., inlet temperatures or flowrates. Decades of research have revealed numerous methods for analyzing the flexibility of a given heat exchanger network. Meanwhile, the synthesis of flexible HENs conti

Abstract This paper aims to share the challenges encountered by the authors while exploring the significance of controllability in the early stage of heat exchanger network (HEN) design, particularly through the use of P-HENS – a graph theoretic-based HEN synthesis tool for multi-solution HEN synthesis. Presently, no existing studies have leveraged P-HENS-derived networks to reveal insight on how network topology affects its dynamic performance. This work began with a 5-strea

Abstract The world is moving toward decarbonization to meet the greenhouse gas emission targets set by the Paris Agreement. This transition presents significant challenges for sectors with hard-to-abate emissions. These industries either have processes that are not suited to non-fossil energy sources or inherently generate carbon dioxide through process chemistry itself. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) offer a technically viable solution, but it is expensive to implement cur

Abstract The urgency to reduce global carbon emissions has accelerated the transition to renewable energy, with P2X technologies offering promising solutions for storing and utilizing renewable electricity across sectors. However, optimal deployment of renewables in P2X systems remains underexplored, particularly under system-level uncertainties. Therefore, this study proposes a novel, uncertainty-aware framework for renewable-to-P2X allocation, integrating Monte Carlo simula

Abstract Carbon trading is an important economic instrument for industrial emissions reduction. Carbon credits can be generated by performance discrepancies in cap-and-trade regimes or through carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in the context of deep decarbonization towards net-zero targets. The sale of carbon credits by vendors to buyers can be optimized with models just like that of any other commodity in a supply chain. Pinch analysis and process graph (P-graph) techniques have

Abstract Negative emissions technologies (NETs) will be needed to achieve net zero emissions by mid-century. NETs can deliver supplementary carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to offset residual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from economic sectors that are intrinsically difficult to decarbonize with existing technologies. NETs include nature-based techniques such as afforestation and soil carbon sequestration, as well as engineered solutions such as direct air capture and bioenergy

Abstract Enhancement in energy recovery is always an essential element that requires academic spotlights to ensure its capability to contribute towards carbon neutrality. Recent works have extended to cover multi-solution heat exchanger networks (HEN) synthesis instead of generating a single best solution, which is not guaranteed to be practical. Nevertheless, owing to the technical challenges of synthesising all feasible networks, none of the existing works attempts to compr

Abstract Energy is typically generated from fossil fuels, leading to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, cleaner energy needs to be used to reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector. Hydrogen (H2) is identified as a potential resource suitable for replacing fossil fuels as H2 burns with oxygen to produce water (H2O) and generates no emissions as a result of this. However, H2 is normally produced through steam reforming of natural gas, which is a fossil fuel

Abstract Transforming emission-intensive energy systems into low-carbon configurations requires strategic planning that balances efficiency, costs, and emissions reductions. While many capacity expansion models support long-term investment planning, only a few integrate multiple energy vectors, spatial distribution optimization, and foresight approaches to identify realistic pathways. This work presents a multivector, multinodal optimization model for least-cost capacity expa

Abstract Energy-based industrial symbiosis is a potential decarbonisation strategy for energy-intensive industries, which contribute significantly to carbon emissions. Thermal energy storage (TES) can be integrated to enhance energy efficiency and operational flexibility, while addressing issues related to supply–demand fluctuations. Nonetheless, the economic feasibility of TES-supported interplant heat recovery depends on the costs and properties of the storage media incorpo

Abstract Interest in industrial decarbonization is growing steadily in response to climate change concerns. National net-zero commitments have led to the proliferation of corporate carbon neutrality goals, as firms seek to secure an advantage in an increasingly carbon-constrained business environment. These pledges are anchored on decarbonization measures based on various clean technologies. Carbon trading has also emerged as an important economic instrument to enable corpora

Abstract Malaysia’s upstream oil and gas (O&G) sector is a major emitter of methane, a potent greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. In support of Malaysia’s net-zero 2050 target and Global Methane Pledge commitment, this study developed a marginal abatement cost (MAC) analysis to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of methane mitigation strategies across key emission sources. Methane emissions in 2022 were estimated at 306kt using IPCC Tier 1 methodology, with e

Abstract The rise in biodiesel production results in an excess of crude glycerol, which further leads to environmental concerns. Consequently, transforming crude glycerol into valuable products is deemed an effective way to address this issue. Process Integration techniques are introduced to enhance the overall economic viability by maximizing the energy recovery in the biodiesel plant. However, most of the existing studies merely focused on a single optimal heat exchanger ne

Abstract A peer-to-peer energy sharing system, aiming to achieve emissions reduction by generating and sharing renewable energy among participants, has emerged as an appealing solution for addressing carbon emissions attributed to energy consumption. However, the resiliency of the peer-to-peer energy sharing system, particularly in addressing the risks of disruptions, has yet to be studied thoroughly in existing literature. Hence, this work aims to design an optimal peer-to-p

Abstract Circular economy (CE) appears to be a plausible strategy to reduce emissions and enhance sustainability for the heavy-emitting sector including the oil and gas sector. This works explores the feasibility of waste oil (WO) re-refinery pathways. Given that the moisture content of the WO plays an important role in the production cost and product quality, the impact of the moisture content variation is considered in this work. The influence of feed uncertainty on the dec

Abstract Hard-to-abate industries such as cement, steel, and chemical production are major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to its energy intensive and hard-to-abate nature. The high-temperature process during the conversion of limestone into clinker in cement production results in significant process emissions. To achieve net-zero emission target, the industries are exploring various strategies, including reducing indirect emissions by using renewable energ

Given the urgency to transition to low carbon future, oil refineries need to identify feasible strategies for decarbonisation. One way to...

A bilevel optimization model is developed to synthesize an optimal waste oil recycling supply chain design in economic and environmental...