Abstract While carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology often face economic challenges, CCU via carbon mineralization with solid waste offers a cost-effective solution. In this work, the feasibility of a proposed CCU process that utilizes captured CO2 from the accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) process to mineralize cement kiln dust (CKD) to produce a green brick termed CKD-bicarbonate lime brick (CKD-BLB) was evaluated with techno-economic analysis (TEA). The m

Abstract Plastic waste conversion has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to address growing waste management challenges. However, the feasibility of its integration into existing industrial systems remains uncertain. This paper explores a plastic waste-to-X strategy aimed at reintegrating plastic waste into its original supply chain, in alignment with circular economy principles. A graph-theoretic optimization model is developed using P-graph to identify the optim

Abstract Heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis is a topic of high importance, encompassing several solution approaches and problem aspects. One such aspect crucial to industrial applications is flexibility, since real systems often experience variations of certain parameters, e.g., inlet temperatures or flowrates. Decades of research have revealed numerous methods for analyzing the flexibility of a given heat exchanger network. Meanwhile, the synthesis of flexible HENs conti

Abstract This paper aims to share the challenges encountered by the authors while exploring the significance of controllability in the early stage of heat exchanger network (HEN) design, particularly through the use of P-HENS – a graph theoretic-based HEN synthesis tool for multi-solution HEN synthesis. Presently, no existing studies have leveraged P-HENS-derived networks to reveal insight on how network topology affects its dynamic performance. This work began with a 5-strea

Abstract The world is moving toward decarbonization to meet the greenhouse gas emission targets set by the Paris Agreement. This transition presents significant challenges for sectors with hard-to-abate emissions. These industries either have processes that are not suited to non-fossil energy sources or inherently generate carbon dioxide through process chemistry itself. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) offer a technically viable solution, but it is expensive to implement cur

Abstract The urgency to reduce global carbon emissions has accelerated the transition to renewable energy, with P2X technologies offering promising solutions for storing and utilizing renewable electricity across sectors. However, optimal deployment of renewables in P2X systems remains underexplored, particularly under system-level uncertainties. Therefore, this study proposes a novel, uncertainty-aware framework for renewable-to-P2X allocation, integrating Monte Carlo simula

Abstract Carbon trading is an important economic instrument for industrial emissions reduction. Carbon credits can be generated by performance discrepancies in cap-and-trade regimes or through carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in the context of deep decarbonization towards net-zero targets. The sale of carbon credits by vendors to buyers can be optimized with models just like that of any other commodity in a supply chain. Pinch analysis and process graph (P-graph) techniques have

Abstract Negative emissions technologies (NETs) will be needed to achieve net zero emissions by mid-century. NETs can deliver supplementary carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to offset residual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from economic sectors that are intrinsically difficult to decarbonize with existing technologies. NETs include nature-based techniques such as afforestation and soil carbon sequestration, as well as engineered solutions such as direct air capture and bioenergy

Abstract Enhancement in energy recovery is always an essential element that requires academic spotlights to ensure its capability to contribute towards carbon neutrality. Recent works have extended to cover multi-solution heat exchanger networks (HEN) synthesis instead of generating a single best solution, which is not guaranteed to be practical. Nevertheless, owing to the technical challenges of synthesising all feasible networks, none of the existing works attempts to compr